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Peru is classified as ''upper middle income'' by the World Bank〔The World Bank, (''Data by country: Peru'' ). Retrieved on October 1, 2011.〕 and is the 39th largest in the world by total GDP.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Rank Order - GDP (purchasing power parity) )〕 Peru is one of the world's fastest-growing economies with a 2012 GDP growth rate of 6.3%.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Peru )〕 It currently has a high human development index of 0.741 and per capita GDP above $12,000 by PPP.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Human Development Reports -- Peru )〕 The core of the current sound economic performance of the country is a combination of: * Macroeconomic stability * Prudent fiscal spending * High international reserve accumulation * External debt reduction * Achievement of investment grade status * Fiscal surpluses All of these factors have enabled Peru to make great strides in development, with improvement in government finances, poverty reduction and progress in social sectors.〔The World Bank, (''Countries: Peru'' ). Retrieved on October 1, 2011〕 Poverty has decreased dramatically in the past decade, from nearly 60% in 2004 to 25.8% in 2012.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) )〕 Peru is an emerging, social market economy characterized by a high level of foreign trade. The inequality of opportunities has declined: between 1991 and 2012 Peru's rating on The World Bank's Human Opportunity Index improved substantially as increased public investment in water, sanitation and electric power has sustained the downward trend in inequality of opportunities.〔The World Bank, (''Countries: Peru'' ). Retrieved on October 2, 2011〕 Its economy is diversified, although commodity exports still make up a significant proportion of economic activity and thus subject the economy to the risks of price volatility in the international markets. Trade and industry are centralized in Lima but agricultural exports have led to development in all the regions. Peruvian economic performance has been tied to exports, which provide hard currency to finance imports and external debt payments.〔Rosemary Thorp and Geoffrey Bertram, ''Peru 1890–1977'', p. 4.〕 Peru's main exports are copper, gold, zinc, textiles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, manufactures, machinery, services and fish meal; its major trade partners are the United States, China, Brazil, European Union and Chile.〔2006 figures. Banco Central de Reserva, (''Memoria 2006'' ), pp. 60–61. Retrieved on July 3, 2007.〕 Although exports have provided substantial revenue, self-sustained growth and a more egalitarian distribution of income have proven elusive.〔Rosemary Thorp and Geoffrey Bertram, ''Peru 1890–1977'', p. 321.〕 Services account for 43% of Peruvian gross domestic product, followed by manufacturing (32.3%), extractive industries (15%), and taxes (9.7%).〔2006 figures. Banco Central de Reserva, , p. 204. Retrieved on June 25, 2007.〕 Recent economic growth has been fueled by macroeconomic stability, improved terms of trade, and rising investment and consumption.〔 Banco Central de Reserva, (''Memoria 2006'' ), pp. 15, 203. Retrieved on June 25, 2007.〕 China has become Peru's largest trading partner following a free trade agreement with the People´s Republic of China signed on April 28, 2009〔El Comercio, Peru's main daily newspaper (''China and Peru Sign Trade Promotion Agreement'' ), April 28, 2009. Retrieved on April 19, 2014.〕 additional free trade agreements have being signed with the United States of America (2006)〔 free trade agreement with the United States signed on April 12, 2006,〔Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, (''United States and Peru Sign Trade Promotion Agreement'' ), April 4, 2006. Retrieved on May 15, 2007.〕 the European Union June 26, 2012.(EU and Peru Sign Trade Promotion Agreement'' ), with Japan free trade agreement with the constitutional monarchy of Japan signed on May 31, 2011〔El Comercio, Peru's main daily newspaper (''China and Peru Sign Trade Promotion Agreement'' ), May 31st, 2011.〕 Inflation in 2012 was the lowest in Latin America at only 1.8%, but increased in 2013 as oil and commodity prices rose; as of 2014 it stands at 2.5%.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Peru and the IMF )〕 The unemployment rate has fallen steadily in recent years, and as of 2012 stands at 3.6%. ==History== (詳細はウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Economy of Peru」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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